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Karen Riddette, David Ho, Mike Phillips
Abstract: Stepped spillways have seen a resurgence in popularity in recent years as new research has better described flow conditions and quantified the energy dissipation capacity of this type of spillway.
While carrying out hydraulic modelling for the Hinze Dam Stage 3 upgrade project using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, extensive numerical testing and validation of the CFD model for the proposed 0.8H:1V stepped spillway design was undertaken. It was found that for the expected Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) discharge, the high flow depth would result in a non-aerated, non-uniform flow, typically seen in the developing flow region just beyond the spillway crest, occurring over the entire length of the stepped spillway. To date, only limited laboratory studies have been published concerning energy losses in this particular flow regime.
This paper examines the ability of CFD modelling to compute energy dissipation and air entrainment effects in stepped spillways under extreme flow conditions. Where possible, the computed results were validated against limited published data. Some new data obtained by the CFD model is presented for energy loss in the developing flow region that has not been established before.
Keywords: stepped spillway, CFD, energy loss, developing flow.
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2008 Papers
2008 – Modelling extreme flows over a stepped spillway
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Karen Riddette, David Ho, Mike Phillips
Abstract: Stepped spillways have seen a resurgence in popularity in recent years as new research has better described flow conditions and quantified the energy dissipation capacity of this type of spillway.
While carrying out hydraulic modelling for the Hinze Dam Stage 3 upgrade project using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, extensive numerical testing and validation of the CFD model for the proposed 0.8H:1V stepped spillway design was undertaken. It was found that for the expected Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) discharge, the high flow depth would result in a non-aerated, non-uniform flow, typically seen in the developing flow region just beyond the spillway crest, occurring over the entire length of the stepped spillway. To date, only limited laboratory studies have been published concerning energy losses in this particular flow regime.
This paper examines the ability of CFD modelling to compute energy dissipation and air entrainment effects in stepped spillways under extreme flow conditions. Where possible, the computed results were validated against limited published data. Some new data obtained by the CFD model is presented for energy loss in the developing flow region that has not been established before.
Keywords: stepped spillway, CFD, energy loss, developing flow.
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2009 Papers
2009 – Unique Approach of an Integrated Design and Material Selection for an 80 Metre High Stepped Spillway
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Thomas Vasconi, Glen Fergus
Abstract: This paper describes the design of an 80 m-high stepped chute spillway, in gabion material, that will be constructed on a tailings storage facility dam of a mine in South East Asia. This dam, constituted of two cells, will be raised progressively via a series of intermediate crest elevations as mining proceeds, and each lift will be equipped with an operational spillway. The design of such spillways was challenging since it had to integrate local topography configuration, dam design, water balance, wall raise sequence and structure interdependency parameters. The design included flood routing, spillway sizing, stepped spillway design, followed by hydraulic and civil/geotechnical computations. Challenging design aspects included optimizing the stepped spillway structure costs in light of the structure’s short service (estimated to be less than 5 years), and ensuring the stability component. The design incorporates an innovative solution which allows reduction in the rockfill quantity of up to 40% with associated cost benefits, and sustainability in terms of material usage. The lessons learnt in applying this innovative design are useful for other sites requiring adaptive construction and short service life spillways.
Keywords: tailings dam, stepped spillway, hydrology, hydraulics, mine water management, gabions.
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