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Project Aqua was planned to be a major hydropower development along the lower Waitaki Valley, New Zealand. Geotechnical investigations for the project were conducted in two main stages – from the late 1970’s to mid-1980’s, and again in the period from 2002 to 2004.
Community consultation was an important part of the 2002-2004 investigations, and was a key risk management issue for Meridian Energy. The proposed scope of the work included 512 drillholes and 734 test pits spread along the 60km project corridor. All proposed drillholes and test pits were subject to the Resource Management Act 1991 and needed Resource Consent applications, which required consultation with landowners, territorial authorities, and community and cultural groups including three Maori tribes.
A number of proposed investigations could not be undertaken because the landowner would not allow land access, but over 70% of the proposed work was completed with community support.

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2004 Papers

2004 – THE IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNITY CONSULTATION IN GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR PROJECT AQUA
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Project Aqua was planned to be a major hydropower development along the lower Waitaki Valley, New Zealand. Geotechnical investigations for the project were conducted in two main stages – from the late 1970’s to mid-1980’s, and again in the period from 2002 to 2004.
Community consultation was an important part of the 2002-2004 investigations, and was a key risk management issue for Meridian Energy. The proposed scope of the work included 512 drillholes and 734 test pits spread along the 60km project corridor. All proposed drillholes and test pits were subject to the Resource Management Act 1991 and needed Resource Consent applications, which required consultation with landowners, territorial authorities, and community and cultural groups including three Maori tribes.
A number of proposed investigations could not be undertaken because the landowner would not allow land access, but over 70% of the proposed work was completed with community support.
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2005 Papers

2004 – The Importance of Community Consultation in Geotechnical Investigations for Project Aqua
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Don Macfarlane; Nick Eldred; Sigi Keis

Project Aqua was planned to be a major hydropower development along the lower Waitaki Valley, New Zealand. Geotechnical investigations for the project were conducted in two main stages – from the late 1970’s to mid-1980’s, and again in the period from 2002 to 2004.

Community consultation was an important part of the 2002-2004 investigations, and was a key risk management issue for Meridian Energy. The proposed scope of the work included 512 drillholes and 734 test pits spread along the 60km project corridor. All proposed drillholes and test pits were subject to the Resource Management Act 1991 and needed Resource Consent applications, which required consultation with landowners, territorial authorities, and community and cultural groups including three Maori tribes.

A number of proposed investigations could not be undertaken because the landowner would not allow land access, but over 70% of the proposed work was completed with community support.
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2017 Papers

2017 – Conditions Under Which Identified Faults Contribute Significantly to Seismic Hazard in Australia
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Paul Somerville, Andreas Skarlatoudis and Don Macfarlane

The 2017 draft ANCOLD Guidelines for Design of Dams and Appurtenant Structures for Earthquake specify that active faults (with movement in the last 11,000 to 35,000 years) and neotectonic faults (with movement in the current crustal stress regime, in the past 5 to 10 million years) which could significantly contribute to the ground motion for the dam should be identified, and be accounted for in the seismic hazard assessment. The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance on the conditions under which these contributions could be significant in a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA)and a deterministic seismic hazard analysis (DSHA).We consider five primary conditions under which identified faults can contribute significantly to the hazard: proximity, probability of activity, rate of activity, magnitude distribution, and return period under consideration
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2018 Papers

2018 – Impacts of New Knowledge and the 2018 Draft ANCOLD Guidelines on Ground Motion Levels at Dam Sites in Australia
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Paul Somerville, Andreas Skarlatoudis, Jeff Bayless and Don Macfarlane

The revised magnitudes of the Geoscience Australia’s NSHA18 earthquake catalogue approximately halve the rate of occurrence of earthquakes of a given Mw magnitude in Australia. This yields probabilistic ground motion levels that are significantly lower than the present design levels at dam sites in Australia that are not near faults, and is expected to result in a general reduction in ground motion levels at dams not near faults estimated for all Risk Assessments, and for Deterministic Assessments for all consequence levels except Extreme Consequence. For the latter, the ANCOLD (2018) guidelines will tend to increase existing SEE ground motion estimates for both of the methods used to estimate the safety evaluation earthquake (SEE). By requiring the use of the Deterministic SEE if it is larger than the probabilistic SEE, and by requiring use of the 85th fractile of the Probabilistic SEE if it is larger than the Deterministic SEE, the ANCOLD (2018) guidelines for Deterministic Assessments are much more conservative than the ICOLD and NZSOLD guidelines for Extreme Consequence dams, especially at those located near faults.
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2018 Papers

2018 – Potential Geologic Sources of Seismic Hazard in Australia’s South-Eastern Highlands: What Do We Know?
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Dan Clark, Andrew McPherson, Brad Pillans, Duanne White, Don MacFarlane

Many mapped faults in the south-eastern highlands of New South Wales and Victoria are associated with apparently youthful topography, suggesting that faulting may have played a role in shaping the modern landscape. This has been demonstrated to be the case for the Lake George Fault, and may reasonably be inferred for the poorly characterised Murrumbidgee, Khancoban, Tantangara, Berridale Wrench and Tawonga faults. More than a dozen nearby major faults with similarly youthful topography are uncharacterised. In general, fault locations and extents are inconsistent across different scales of geologic mapping, and rupture lengths, slip rates and other fault behaviours remain largely unquantified. A more comprehensive understanding of these faults is required to support safety assessments for communities and large infrastructure in the region.
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2019 Papers

2019 – Performance and Management of the Cromwell Gorge Landslides, Clyde Dam Reservoir
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Don Macfarlane and Peter Silvester

Prior to filling the Clyde Dam reservoir in 1992-93 large scale stabilisation works were undertaken on several pre-existing landslides along the reservoir margins. Monitoring and visual observations indicate that the landslides are behaving satisfactorily and have confirmed that the stability improvements undertaken have successfully offset the negative effects of the reservoir on the landslides.

This paper presents selected records detailing more than 25 years of landslide behaviour that demonstrate the effectiveness of the stabilisation works. Monitoring has been able to detect increasing water levels, drainage flow changes and, in some cases, deformation following periods of high rainfall.

However, the highly satisfactory performance of the landslides experienced to date does not allow complacency and although the surveillance monitoring has been progressively scaled back to a more focussed strategy, ongoing assessment and reviews will be required. The paper also briefly discusses the current challenges associated with changing personnel and aging instrumentation.
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2019 Papers

2019 – Probabilistic Fault Displacement Hazard Analysis for Dams in Australia
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Hong Kie Thio, Paul Somerville, Don Macfarlane

Fault displacement can occur due to primary faulting on a main fault intersecting a dam foundation or rim, as well as by secondary faulting. This secondary faulting may be triggered locally by the occurrence of primary faulting on a main fault; its occurrence is conditional on the occurrence of an earthquake on the main fault. A probabilistic approach is most viable for fault displacement hazard analysis. Unlike the case of probabilistic ground motion hazard, which is nonzero even for short return periods due to the occurrence of a broad range of earthquake magnitudes in a wide region around the site, probabilistic fault displacement hazard is zero for return periods less than the recurrence interval of surface faulting earthquakes on the fault. In Australia, these recurrence intervals typically lie in the range of 10,000 to 100,000 years.

Consequently, the fault displacement hazard due to primary faulting may be zero or negligible for return periods shorter than 10,000 or 100,000 years. For longer return periods, the hazard is best evaluated using a risk-based approach, as recommended by ANCOLD (2018); the alternative of using a deterministic approach, which disregards return period, could potentially yield a large fault displacement. The probability of triggered secondary faulting, conditional on the occurrence of a large earthquake on the main fault, is typically one or two orders of magnitude lower than that on the main fault, and so is even more likely to be zero or negligible for return periods shorter than 10,000 to 100,000 years
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2008 Papers

2008 – Hinze Dam Stage 3 – development of the geological model and the implications for design
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Chris Chamberlain, Don Macfarlane, Geoff Eades

Abstract: The Hinze Dam Stage 3 project is a significant upgrade of the existing 63.5 m high embankment dam, located on the Nerang River in the Hinterland of the Gold Coast in South East Queensland. Construction work commenced in early 2008 and is scheduled to be complete by the end of 2010.

Investigations at the dam have been undertaken in three stages since the early 1970’s for construction of the original dam and for each of the Stage 2 and Stage 3 raises. The Stage 3 investigation program began in November 2006 and was substantially complete by March 2008. The geology of the Hinze Dam foundation has been found to be more complex than had been previously determined, particularly with regard to the geological structure, variation in weathering profile and rock strength.

Development of the Stage 3 geological model of the foundation has been an iterative process utilising documented Stage 1 and Stage 2 data and new Stage 3 data. Much of the emphasis for the Stage 3 ground investigations has been placed on the right abutment ridge and saddle dam extension where most of the Stage 3 construction will take place. Here, the geological units comprise greywacke and deformed and variably silicified greenstone, phyllite and chert. Frequent review meetings were used to present each refinement of the geological model, challenge its geological credibility, identify uncertainties with the ground conditions and adjust the investigation program.

The paper describes the development of the Stage 3 geological model, provides an outline of the broader geology of the damsite and embankment foundation and also discusses how the complicated foundation geology has driven some of the engineering solutions that are currently being constructed at the dam.

Keywords: Hinze dam, geological model, foundation geology, design solution.
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Search Results: “” — Page 1

Paul Somerville, Andreas Skarlatoudis, Jeff Bayless and Don Macfarlane

Dan Clark, Andrew McPherson, Brad Pillans, Duanne White, Don MacFarlane

Don Macfarlane and Peter Silvester

Hong Kie Thio, Paul Somerville, Don Macfarlane