1999 – Sustainable Development in Large Hydro Power Generation
A. Stephen
Among the major energy options, Large Hydro Power is considered to be the front ranking and renewable. But, in most of the developing countries including India, the large multipurpose dam
projects are shrouded in controversies.
This paper, while dealing with positive and negative impacts of large multipurpose dam projects, Jocuses on Social Impact Assessment’ and its mitigatory measures, for the success of the project. The Environment cost as well the Human cost of such projects should be judiciously integrated in the project cycle from its conception to its post implementation stage, for sustainable development of this
power regime.
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Papers 1999
1999 – Real Time Flood Management of the Brisbane River and Pine River Dams During the February 1999 Flood
Learn morePeter Allen, Don Cock, Garry Grant and John Ruffini
The paper examines the performance of the Brisbane River and Pine River real time flood management system for the operation of Somerset Dam, Wivenhoe Dam and North Pine Dam during the 1999 flood event.
The February flood event, which was about 80% of the magnitude of the disastrous 1974 flood event upstream of Wivenhoe Dam, was the first major flood event to be managed by the system and it performed very creditably. The overall flood management system comprises:-
A network of 125 ALERT type rainfall and river height stations throughout the catchment; A data management system to facilitate data collection and data validation;- Hydrologic models to provide inflows into the dams and major downstream tributaries; Gate operation models to route the inflows through the reservoirs; and
- Hydraulic models of the main river channels downstream of the dams.
The paper describes the system and gives details of the performance of the system during the February event. It details the performance of the dams during the event and how this was optimised to maximise the safety of the dams and minimise impacts on those downstream.
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Papers 1999
1999 – Recent Practices in the Construction of Roller Compacted Concrete Dams
Learn moreRobert J. Parker
This paper examines the current trends in the construction of Roller Compacted Concrete Dams in Australia and Internationally. Certain recent trends to processes such as grout enriched vibratable RCC will assist both the cost effectiveness and simplicity of this type of dam construction. Key issues considered are: I. The trend is to use less conventional concrete in the structure and grout enriched RCC against contact surfaces are the means of achieving this. 2. Proportionally greater use is being made of high paste mixes 3. In order to maximise placing rates, keep it simple 4. Aggregates should be manufactured in not less than three sizes and preferably four if segregation is to be controlled
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Papers 1999
1999 – Empirical and Mathematical Methods of Designing Dam Filters
Learn moreBuddhima Indraratna, Mark Locke and Gamini Adikari
The main objectives of the filter are to prevent erosion of the dam core, permit controlled passage of seepage flow through the dam and facilitate dissipation of excess pore pressures in the core. In most designs of dam filters, empirical methods based on particle size ratios have been used. These empirical rules are developed through extensive laboratory tests. Although the empirical rules benefit from directly or indirectly incorporating most factors affecting filtration, they cannot be extrapolated for distinctly different soils and do not describe the time dependent changes that occur within the filter medium.
Mathematical models can be formulated to explain the fundamental physics of particle interaction and migration, within a framework of well defined geohydraulic constraints. Considering the mass flow and momentum conservation principles; time dependent changes in particle size distributions, mass flow rates, retention capacity and base soil erosion rates can be simulated.
This paper reviews various empirical and mathematical models, based on the authors experience. A novel approach to large scale filtration is highlighted based on testing actual soil and filter materials from an Australian dam, in a new 500mm diameter apparatus.
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Papers 1999
1999 – Investigations on Canning Dam Concrete Gravity Structure and it’s Rehabilitation
Learn moreAhmad Shayan, Robert J. Wark and John Waters
The Canning Dam concrete gravity structure located in Western Australia has shown an upward movement of 18.3 mm and lateral upstream movement of 14.2 mm over the past 15 years of monitoring. These movements have been associated with considerable cracking of the upper parts of the dam and the upper gallery. Investigations have shown that the cause of the cracking was a strong alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) in the concrete, brought about by a deformed granitic rock. Extensive horizontal and vertical cracking in the upper part of the dam wall has necessitated the removal of the section above the floor of the upper gallery level, and construction of a new reinforced concrete section to act as head beam for post-tensioning of the rest of the dam wall.
A set of small diameter cores were taken from the various parts for diagnostic purposes, and a vertical core of 100 mm diameter was taken through the whole thickness of the wall for the determination of the strength properties, alkali content and residual expansion potential. Based on these, a post-tensioning stress of 1.5-2.0 MPa has been calculated for restraining the residual expansion of the concrete. The spillway bridge structure which is part of the dam wall has also shown mild signs of deterioration. The piers and abutment walls and the deck were surveyed for corrosion activity and extent of AAR. This work showed that the spillway bridge structure was sound and only needed maintenance. The performance of a triple blend concrete mix containing a high volume of fly ash (45%) and silica fume (5%) developed for the replacement of the old concrete is also discussed.
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Papers 1999
1999 – Full Scale Testing of the 2400 Tonne Capacity Rock Anchor
Learn moreBrian Cavill
Canning Dam is a mass concrete curved gravity structure 466m long and 70m high and is a primary peaking source for the Perth Metropolitan water supply system.
A safety review of Canning Dam concluded that the existing structure does not possess adequate margins of safety under static and dynamic loadings using contemporary dam engineering practices. Given the location and strategic importance of the Canning source, it is imperative that the dam be upgraded to comply with moder standards.
After investigation of alternative remedial measures to strengthen the dam, a permanent post- tensioned anchoring system was chosen.
Of the total of 165 permanent, monitorable and restressable ground anchors to be installed, 70 will consist of 91 x 15.2 mm strands. These are the highest capacity anchors to be installed anywhere in the world. A proving test for this size of anchor was carried out by VSL in September 1998. The results of the test confirmed that the use of 91 x 15.2 mm strand permanent anchors is feasible and that the corrosion protection is assured.
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