Papers
Papers are made available through the website 12 months after they are presented at the annual conference. Please add to your shopping cart to purchase and you will receive a link to download.
Members receive papers complimentary. ANCOLD members please log in and add the required papers to you shopping cart and once you click ‘Place Order’ the cost will show as $0 and you will receive the link to the paper.
A CD can be purchased containing ANCOLD Bulletins from 1961 to 2001 on the OTHER PUBLICATIONS page.
If there is a paper you require prior to 2007 that has not been uploaded please contact the secretariat [email protected]
Use the search below using keywords, year or author.
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$15.00
Papers
2009 – A Review of the Limitations and Options for Dam Safety Management beyond the ANCOLD Guidelines
Learn moreGiovanni De Cataldo
The ANCOLD Guidelines on Dam Safety Management August 2003 were formulated to ensure that dam owners adopt a responsible approach towards the safe operation and maintenance of their dams.
Is it possible to safely, responsibly and acceptably work outside the regulatory Guidelines/Requirements?
The challenge for dam owners now and into the future in meeting stringent standards, is to cost effectively manage their assets within available financial constraints whilst minimising risks and maintaining acceptable levels of safety.
With the continuing drought and suppressed storage levels in most dams, the risk to downstream communities and to the environment from dam failure is significantly reduced.
Based on various studies, investigations, internal workshops and external “Expert Panel” reviews, this paper puts forward a case for a sound and responsible risk-based approach to routine visual and surveillance monitoring frequencies at varying storage levels for “Sunny Day” conditions and compares it against traditional ANCOLD standards which are based solely on consequences.
Keywords: State Water Corporation, ANCOLD guidelines, risk-based approach, dam safety, regulator.
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Papers
2008 – Innovative Spillway Developments in the ACT – Technical Memoire Paper
Learn moreGeoff Henkel
ABSTRACT
The author has been involved in the design of a number of dams and spillways and specifically the design of several ACT lakes and ponds working either for the development authorities or as a consultant to them. This paper, a memoire, describes seven innovative spillways utilised in the ACT, five of which he was directly involved with. The use of dual spillways has been a common feature of the designs and this has been a very economic approach. As well as some use of fuseplug spillways, a labyrinth spillway and the safety of embankment overtopping, this paper may provide some useful ideas for new developments.
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Papers
2008 – Securing water for growth in regional Queensland
Learn moreTim Donaghy
Abstract: Queensland’s regions need additional water supply infrastructure to underpin the future economic growth of the state, and secure the water supplies of existing communities in light of climate variability.
Queensland’s economy has consistently been the fastest growing of all the States for the last decade. The major component of Queensland’s growth is underpinned by resources and industry, in regional areas of the State. If the enabling infrastructure is absent, or if timeframes for development do not align with the needs of the industry, this growth will be constrained, or will go elsewhere. Future investments that support growth cannot and will not occur without certainty around the availability of future water supply.
Queensland’s regions are emerging from the worst drought in recorded history, this has revealed serious deficiencies in the resilience of our regional water supplies. For the first time in living memory, major regional centres have been forced to face the prospect of running out of water.
The Queensland Government has been proactive in identifying these issues and has responded resolutely through the release of Statewide Water Policy which supports a $451 million investment in regional water infrastructure, which aims to meet the needs of urban and rural users.As part of this policy SunWater has been named proponent for a range of projects considered essential for Queensland’s future economic sustainability which include the Nathan Dam on the Dawson River, Water for Bowen & Proserpine Pipeline Projects, Rookwood Weir & Eden Bann Weir Raising (with RRC & GAWB), Connors River Dam & Pipelines, Nullinga Dam and Kinchant Dam Raising. SunWater is also investigating the raising of Queensland’s largest dam, Burdekin Dam. This paper will outline the need for water supply infrastructure within regional Queensland, and the challenges faced by the projects being progressed by SunWater including the technical issues, environmental sustainability and approvals, and commercial development challenges.
Keywords: Queensland, Water Supply Infrastructure, Dams
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Papers
2008 – Geotechnical risk assessment and management for hydropower development sites in the Indian Himalaya
Learn moreRobert Goldsmith
Abstract: Selection of suitable dam and associated structure sites for run-of-river hydropower projects in the Himalayan region requires a thorough assessment of the hazards and the consequences of their occurrence. Typical projects in this environment of deep ridge and ravine terrain comprise concrete gravity dams with steel flood or sluice gates. The steep abutment slopes generally require spillways to be over the dam crest and not as separate structures.
Hazards to be considered for such structures are linked mainly to geological and hydrological factors and include landslides both at the dam and in the reservoir, outwash floods from a variety of initiating causes (landslide dams or glacial melt), floods from storm events, weak or unstable foundations, seepage and pore pressures and earthquakes. Each hazard is related to a risk scenario and a matrix of events is evaluated for potential cause, consequence and impact. A measure of consequence to the project at various stages of design, construction and operation is obtained and provides a basis for preparing risk mitigation measures. Risk management plans can then be prepared using a forum process with stakeholders to achieve a satisfactory outcome.
Examples are provided from specific studies carried out for hydropower projects in the Indian Himalaya. They include a risk assessment of a floodwave overtopping a dam from debris torrent after breaching of a landslide formed dam, terrain studies and geomorphological assessment to locate landslides in dam abutments and design and construction issues relating to a project site astride a major tectonic thrust zone.
Keywords: geotechnical risk, hazard and risk matrix, risk management plan, landslides, landslide dams, hydropower dams and tunnel, Himalayas
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Papers
2008 – Modelling extreme flows over a stepped spillway
Learn moreKaren Riddette, David Ho, Mike Phillips
Abstract: Stepped spillways have seen a resurgence in popularity in recent years as new research has better described flow conditions and quantified the energy dissipation capacity of this type of spillway.
While carrying out hydraulic modelling for the Hinze Dam Stage 3 upgrade project using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, extensive numerical testing and validation of the CFD model for the proposed 0.8H:1V stepped spillway design was undertaken. It was found that for the expected Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) discharge, the high flow depth would result in a non-aerated, non-uniform flow, typically seen in the developing flow region just beyond the spillway crest, occurring over the entire length of the stepped spillway. To date, only limited laboratory studies have been published concerning energy losses in this particular flow regime.
This paper examines the ability of CFD modelling to compute energy dissipation and air entrainment effects in stepped spillways under extreme flow conditions. Where possible, the computed results were validated against limited published data. Some new data obtained by the CFD model is presented for energy loss in the developing flow region that has not been established before.
Keywords: stepped spillway, CFD, energy loss, developing flow.
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Papers
2008 – Design considerations for upgrading SunWater’s dams for acceptable flood capacity
Learn moreBrendan Trebilco
Abstract: A number of SunWater’s dams are in the process of being upgraded to the acceptable flood capacity (AFC) to ensure the highest level of safety. The Fred Haigh Dam upgrade was completed in September 2006 and the Bjelke Petersen Dam upgrade was completed in October 2007. Borumba Dam is the latest upgrade being undertaken with construction commencing in April 2008 and is expected to be completed by December 2008. Each dam underwent a comprehensive risk assessment to identify and evaluate all risks with respect to the ANCOLD tolerability limits to ensure risks satisfied ALARP. The assessment identified the most cost effective upgrade solutions for detailed design.
The upgrade at Fred Haigh, Bjelke Petersen and Borumba Dams will enable them to pass an extreme flood equivalent to 50% of the Acceptable Flood Capacity (AFC). This is Stage 1 of a two stage upgrade to ultimately achieve 100% of the ANCOLD “Fallback” AFC which is the standard SunWater has adopted for its major dams. SunWater has prioritised spillway capacity upgrades to achieve a minimum dam portfolio standard of passing 50% Acceptable Flood Capacity inflow by 2015 and full Acceptable Flood Capacity inflow by 2025.
The most economic Stage 1 upgrade option for Fred Haigh, Bjelke Petersen and Borumba Dams was to maintain the existing spillway width and to raise the dam crest with a concrete parapet wall. For the Bjelke Petersen and Borumba Dams the spillway training wall heights were raised to allow for increased flow though the spillway. From the hydraulic model studies and flood routing a height of each different dam crest wall was obtained.
This paper will describe the different methods and considerations used for upgrading Fred Haigh, Bjelke Petersen and Borumba Dams to the 50% AFC.
Keywords: dam safety, spillway, Fred Haigh Dam, Bjelke Petersen Dam, Borumba Dam, SunWater, Queensland.
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Papers
2008 – Investigations and remedial works at Drakesbrook Dam in Western Australia
Learn moreJiri Herza, Graeme Maher, Nihal Vitharana, Megan Evers, Michael Somerford
Abstract: Drakesbrook Dam is a 17m high earthfill embankment constructed in 1931 to provide water for the Waroona Irrigation District, 80km south of Perth. The dam has a storage capacity of 2.30 GL and is classified as a “High A” hazard dam according to ANCOLD Guidelines on Dam Safety Management.
A Dam Safety Review, undertaken in 2001 identified a number of deficiencies associated with main embankment, outlet works and the main spillway requiring remedial works. Detailed design of these remedial works is currently underway. Challenging features of this project are the design of a liner for the existing curved conduit and the design of a new spillway with an usual drop-type stilling basin.
This paper presents the salient aspects of the remedial works design along with the various design and construction criteria adopted to achieve an economical design of a new spillway and outlet conduit sleeve without compromising the safety of the dam.
Keywords: remedial works, earth embankment, conduit lining, spillway replacement
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Papers
2008 – Design and construction of a flood mitigation dam on the North Para River, using high-paste RCC
Learn moreJerome Argue, Steven Slarke, Douglas Rudd
Abstract: The North Para River Flood Control Dam is an integral part of the works proposed to manage flood risk in the Gawler River, north of Adelaide. Undertaken by the Gawler River Floodplain Management Authority (GRFMA), an authority representing the six local Councils in the area, the flood storage is located on the North Para River, about 10 kms north of Gawler. Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) was selected for the construction material, based on an assessment of the geotechnical and geological site conditions, together with advantages of reduced cost, time and structure required to pass design flood events. With an overall project cost of $16.1 million, the dam was constructed on time and well within pre-tender budget estimates.
Keywords: flood mitigation, roller compacted concrete, North Para River, construction.
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Papers
2008 – Construction of the first cut-off wall by Low Headroom Cutter inside a dam tunnel in China
Learn moreBrunner Wolfgang G, Bi Arthur, Chang William, Zong Dung Feng
ABSTRACT: In the South of the Sichuan province the 240 MW Yeleh hydroelectric power project is under construction by Sichuan Nanya River Basin Hydraulic Power Development Company Limited, a state-owned enterprise, and China Gezhou Ba Water & Power Group Company Ltd.. This project sets out to develop the mountain cascade of the Nanya river, a tributary of the Dadu River, provide superior electricity and adjust flood peak and frequency. The specialist contractor Foundation Engineering Company of China Water Resource and Hydropower (FEC) was awarded the contract of foundation treatment at the right bank, which included the construction of a 75 m deep concrete cut-off wall inside a 6.0 m x 6.5 m tunnel. The requirement for 19 317 m3 cut-off wall to be constructed in permeable and very dense gravel/cobble formations and a demanding project program led FEC to adopt the BAUER Low Headroom Cutter CBC25/MBC30 in conjunction with the overlap cutter joint.
Keywords: hydroelectric project, dam, dam tunnel, cut-off wall, trench cutter
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Papers
2008 – Thermal modelling of the mass concrete in the Hinze Dam spillway raise
Learn moreScott Jones, David Hughes, Orville Werner
Abstract: As part of the 15 m raise of Hinze Dam, the existing 33 m high mass concrete spillway structure will be raised an additional 12.5 m. This will be achieved using conventional mass concrete placed on the top and downstream side of the existing spillway to form a new monolithic structure. Heat generated by the hydration of the cement and fly-ash will raise the peak temperature in the body of the new concrete relative to the stable and relatively uniform temperature within the existing concrete. The early, comparatively rapid volume expansion (and subsequent slow contraction) of the new concrete is externally restained along the interface and there is a potential for tensile stains to develop along the interface that are large enough to cause cracking through the body of the composite dam and potentially compromise the interface bond. The temperatures and thermal gradients induced are a function of the mix design, particularly the amount and thermal properties of cement used, and the sequencing of construction.
Two-dimensional transient coupled thermal-structural finite element (FEM) analyses were used to predict thermal deformations and stresses within the body of the spillway in the weeks and months after placement. Laboratory measured mechanical and thermal properties of the concrete and local boundary climatic data were input to the analyses. The measured adiabatic calorimeter curve showed that the fine grind and chemical composition of the local South East Queensland cement produced a rapid generation of heat which magnified potential thermal expansion issues with the early-age concrete.
Creep, shrinkage, viscous-elastic behaviour, and the increase in modulus of elasticity with age influence the degree to which expansion and contraction of the concrete are converted into stress. These variables, were either accounted for directly in the elastic FEM model, or were taken into account in the interpretation of the results.
This paper presents the assumptions, methods, and criteria used in the FEM analyses; the results of the material testing program; and the results and conclusions drawn from the analyses. A discussion on the concrete mix design trials recently completed on site is also included.
Keywords: Adiabatic Temperature, Creep, Mass Concrete, Placement Temperature, Pre-cool
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Papers
2008 – Hinze Dam Stage 3 – development of the geological model and the implications for design
Learn moreChris Chamberlain, Don Macfarlane, Geoff Eades
Abstract: The Hinze Dam Stage 3 project is a significant upgrade of the existing 63.5 m high embankment dam, located on the Nerang River in the Hinterland of the Gold Coast in South East Queensland. Construction work commenced in early 2008 and is scheduled to be complete by the end of 2010.
Investigations at the dam have been undertaken in three stages since the early 1970’s for construction of the original dam and for each of the Stage 2 and Stage 3 raises. The Stage 3 investigation program began in November 2006 and was substantially complete by March 2008. The geology of the Hinze Dam foundation has been found to be more complex than had been previously determined, particularly with regard to the geological structure, variation in weathering profile and rock strength.
Development of the Stage 3 geological model of the foundation has been an iterative process utilising documented Stage 1 and Stage 2 data and new Stage 3 data. Much of the emphasis for the Stage 3 ground investigations has been placed on the right abutment ridge and saddle dam extension where most of the Stage 3 construction will take place. Here, the geological units comprise greywacke and deformed and variably silicified greenstone, phyllite and chert. Frequent review meetings were used to present each refinement of the geological model, challenge its geological credibility, identify uncertainties with the ground conditions and adjust the investigation program.
The paper describes the development of the Stage 3 geological model, provides an outline of the broader geology of the damsite and embankment foundation and also discusses how the complicated foundation geology has driven some of the engineering solutions that are currently being constructed at the dam.
Keywords: Hinze dam, geological model, foundation geology, design solution.
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Papers
2008 – Estimating construction flood risk
Learn morePeter Hill, Phillip Jordan, Rory Nathan, Emily Payne
Abstract: There are a number of issues that need to be considered when deriving estimates of floods used to assess construction flood risk. This paper outlines the derivation of seasonal flood frequency curves and highlights the important differences in seasonality across Australia and the variation with the exceedance probability. Examples are provided as to how these seasonal frequency curves are used to estimate the construction flood risk during a particular construction activity in a safety upgrade for an existing dam or construction of a new dam. The paper also touches on the issues associated with estimating consequences for assessing construction flood risk.
Keywords: construction flood, risk, seasonal hydrology, hydrologic loading
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